# Toledo

- id: toledo
- modern: Toledo, Spain

Taken by Castile in 1085 with its Arabic libraries intact. For the next century it was Europe's translation office: Gerard of Cremona alone turned more than seventy Arabic works into Latin here, usually with local Mozarab and Jewish collaborators.

## Crossings made here

- c. 1140–1175: Almagest into Latin (translation) [attested]
- c. 1150–1187: Elements into Latin (translation) [attested]
- c. 1150–1187: Algebra into Latin (translation) [attested]
- c. 1150–1187: Canon of Medicine into Latin (translation) [attested]
- c. 1162–1180: Aims of the Philosophers into Latin (translation) [attested]