Falsafa

Comma for either/or — dharma, courage. Spelling forgiving — corage finds courage.

    philosophy · 3rd century · 2 crossings

    Enneads

    ἘννεάδεςEnneades

    Plotinus, in Greek

    Plotinus' collected treatises, edited after his death by his student Porphyry into six groups of nine. In Arabic, selections from the last three Enneads circulated under the wrong name, as the Theology of Aristotle, and that error organized centuries of philosophy.

    The chain

    253–270 Greek original

    written by Plotinus in Rome

    1. c. 300–305 Greek Greek printed edition attested

      edited by Porphyry

      Porphyry arranged his teacher's treatises into six enneads, groups of nine, some thirty years after Plotinus died. Every later tradition received the book in this editorial shape.

      1. c. 833–842 Greek Arabic adaptation attested

        أثولوجيا أرسطاطاليسUthūlūjiyā Arisṭāṭālīs

        translated by Ibn Na'ima al-Himsi revised by al-Kindi for Ahmad ibn al-Mu'tasim in Baghdad

        A rearranged, interpretively expanded paraphrase of selections from Enneads IV-VI, circulating as the Theology of Aristotle. The preface names the production team honestly; the Aristotle label may be a later addition rather than a forgery. Ibn Sina found the attribution 'somewhat suspect' and commented on the book anyway.