mathematics · 9th century · 2 crossings
Algebra
الكتاب المختصر في حساب الجبر والمقابلةal-Kitāb al-mukhtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-jabr wa-l-muqābala
Al-Khwarizmi's compendium on solving equations by completion and balancing, written in Baghdad with al-Ma'mun's encouragement. The discipline it founded still carries the first noun of its title: al-jabr, algebra.
The chain
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translated by Robert of Chester in Segovia
The first Latin algebra, finished at Segovia in 'era 1183' of the Spanish calendar, which converts to 1145. The familiar title Liber algebrae et almucabola comes from a 1915 edition based on late copies, not from Robert's manuscripts.
- Hughes 1989 critical edition from the earliest manuscripts
- Burnett 2004 on the Robert of Chester and Robert of Ketton question
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translated by Gerard of Cremona in Toledo
Gerard's independent translation, undated in the manuscripts, made in Toledo before his death in 1187. It circulated alongside Robert's and was the version most algebraists used.