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    medicine · 11th century · 4 crossings

    Canon of Medicine

    القانون في الطبal-Qānūn fī al-ṭibb

    Ibn Sina's complete system of medicine, begun at Jurjan, continued at Rayy and finished at Hamadan around 1024, in the gaps of a political career. In Latin it organized European medical teaching into the 17th century.

    The chain

    c. 1012–1025 Arabic original
    1. c. 1150–1187 Arabic Latin translation attested

      Liber Canonis

      translated by Gerard of Cremona in Toledo

      Made with his team of collaborators in Toledo. The attribution rests on the Commemoratio librorum, the list of translations his students compiled at his death, where the Canon is item 63. A rival attribution to a 13th-century 'Gerard de Sabloneta' has no medieval testimony behind it.

      1. c. 1473 Latin Latin printed edition probable

        edited by Adolf Rusch in Strasbourg

        The editio princeps, usually credited to Strasbourg around 1473, with Milan 1473 also claimed. About 15 editions followed by 1500, and some 60 more, whole or in part, between 1500 and 1674; Montpellier and Louvain still taught the book around 1650.

    2. 1279 Arabic Hebrew translation attested

      translated by Nathan ha-Me'ati in Rome

      The first complete Hebrew Canon, finished in Rome in 1279. The Hebrew text was printed at Naples in 1491-92, before the Arabic ever reached print.

    3. 1593 Arabic Arabic printed edition attested

      edited by Giovanni Battista Raimondi in Rome

      The Medici Oriental Press printed the Arabic text itself in Rome, in type cut for the purpose, largely for export back to the lands that wrote it. The book had waited five and a half centuries for its own language to reach print.